VEREENZELVIGING IN HET RECHTSPERSONENRECHT
Alleen in zeer uitzonderlijke situaties
Bij misbruik van rechtspersoonlijkheid kan door de rechtspersoon worden heengekeken. Misbruik van identiteitsverschil tussen twee rechtspersonen is in de regel aan te merken als een onrechtmatige daad. Voor de toewijzing van een op dit leerstuk gebaseerde vordering moet dan ook aan alle elementen van een onrechtmatige daad zijn voldaan. Bij vereenzelviging worden twee of meer rechtspersonen als één rechtseenheid aangemerkt, in die zin, dat zij in gelijke mate (hoofdelijk) zijn verbonden voor dezelfde handelingen en verbintenissen. Overigens is, zoals hierna zal blijken, ook denkbaar dat een natuurlijke persoon met een rechtspersoon wordt vereenzelvigd. Zie verder mijn …
Read the rest »
THE ARUBA PUBLIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Managing and supervisory directors’ liability
I will refer only to the Aruba NV type of company, otherwise known as the public limited liability company, governed by the Commercial Code of Aruba. Furthermore, I will discuss only the basic concept of managing and supervisory directors’ liability.
Duties
Section 106(1) of the Aruba Commercial Code (ACC) provides that, in performing their duties, each member of the management board should focus on the interests of the NV. In accordance with the “stakeholder model”, a.k.a. “stakeholder orientation”, the board must take into account various interests, not only those of the company, its business and …
Read the rest »
CARIBISCH JURISTENBLAD
Nu ook op Facebook
Het Caribisch Juristenblad verscheen eerder onder de naam TAR Justicia. Vanaf 1985 werd dit tijdschrift in eigen beheer uitgegeven door de stichting Tijdschrift voor Antilliaans Recht Justicia. Het Caribisch Juristenblad wordt thans uitgegeven door Boom Juridisch en heeft tot doel een bijdrage te leveren aan de rechtsontwikkeling in Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten en in Bonaire, Saba en Sint Eustatius.
Sinds enkele maanden heeft het Caribisch Juristenblad ook een eigen Facebookpagina. Handig om te ‘liken’ en zo op de hoogte te blijven van de nieuwste publicaties.
(29 juli 2016)
.
HIRE A LAWYER AND GET ONE FOR FREE?
Law firms differ from shoe selling businesses
There is no one-size-fits-all when it comes to shoes. There is also no one-size-fits-all lawyer as a solution for all your legal matters. In many cases and for many clients, the size of a law firm is not of much importance. What is important may differ from client to client, however the following more or less general concepts will undoubtedly play a role: the attitude of the professional, the quality of the services provided, timely response, personal attention, the ability to stand in the client’s shoes, creativity and pricing. The job of a …
Read the rest »
TYPES OF LIABILITY IN ARUBA
A three-part distinction
With regard to liability a three-part distinction can be made. The first distinction relates to the basis of the liability: liability pursuant to a contractual relationship (the attributable failure in this respect) and liability pursuant to a wrongful act.
Another distinction relates to the personal liability (thus for the party’s own actions or omissions) and vicarious and/or strict liability: liability for or the acts and omissions of others (vicarious liability) or liability for certain things that happen (strict liability).
For example, employers can be held vicariously liable for certain actions of their employees. According to the Aruba …
Read the rest »
SUPERVISORY DIRECTORS ARE A TYPE OF BAYWATCHERS
When you dress a lizard in a suit you will have trouble with his tail!
A seminar on Financial Institutions and their Supervisor was held in Aruba on Wednesday April 20, 2016. The seminar was organized by the Aruba Bankers’ Association & Insurance Association of Aruba. I was one of the keynote speakers and delivered my presentation in the English language (click here for the presentation).
I have addressed several issues. Here follow a few quotes:
What makes financial institutions like banks and insurance companies special is that the scope of duties of managing and supervisory directors …
Read the rest »
OVERZICHT PRIVAATRECHTELIJKE RECHTSPERSONEN
Aruba, Curaçao, St. Maarten en de BES-eilanden
Aruba
Aruba kent de naamloze vennootschap (NV), de Aruba Vrijgestelde Vennootschap (AVV), de Vennootschap met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid (VBA), de vereniging, de coöperatieve vereniging, de onderlinge waarborgmaatschappij en de stichting. De NV is geregeld in het Wetboek van Koophandel van Aruba en daarin is sedert 1 juli 1988 ook de AVV geregeld. Op 1 januari 2009 is de VBA geïntroduceerd met het van kracht worden van een gelijknamige landsverordening. Bij de VBA is het mogelijk om te kiezen voor een monistisch (one tier) of dualistisch (two tier) bestuursmodel.
De vereniging is geregeld in de …
Read the rest »
CHAMBERS GLOBAL 2016 LEGAL RANKINGS RELEASED
Karel Frielink ranked Band 1 again
Once again I have been selected as a ranked lawyer in Chambers Global 2016 identifying me as one of the best lawyers in the Dutch Caribbean (click here).
The Chambers Guides have been ranking the best law firms and lawyers since 1990, and now cover 185 jurisdictions throughout the world. Chambers ranks lawyers and law firms on several factors and considerations, all of which are investigated by their large team of more than 140 researchers. Today, Chambers and Partners released the 2016 edition, also covering the Dutch Caribbean.
Individual lawyers are …
Read the rest »
PRELIMINARY RELIEF PROCEEDINGS
When a case needs an urgent decision
The procedure for provisional measures in summary proceedings (kort geding), a.k.a. preliminary relief proceedings or interlocutory proceedings, is an interim injunction procedure before the court. Such proceedings, under Dutch Caribbean law, are aimed at obtaining temporary instructions from the court, not at receiving a final decision in the case.
These proceedings are characterized by their more or less summary character and their relatively quick nature. There is a clear relationship to a procedure on the merits, which always may be instituted and sometimes even must be followed. Provisional measures that are prescribed in …
Read the rest »
THE BINDING EFFECT OF JUDGMENTS
Limited to the parties involved in the proceedings
Court decisions, even decisions by the Dutch Supreme Court, are not binding on courts when deciding future cases. However, the Code of Civil Procedure prevents parties from litigating twice on the same legal issue. The principle that a final judgment of a competent court is conclusive upon the parties in any subsequent litigation involving the same cause of action is known as ‘res judicata ’.
A Dutch court case is described below illustrating this principle: Utrecht District Court of 19 March 2009 (NJF 2009/291).
In initial litigation, the claimant had sought payment …
Read the rest »
BRIBERY
A criminal act
With regard to anti-corruption the Criminal Codes of Aruba, Curaçao, St. Maarten and the BES-islands include criminal acts such as fraud, bribery and abuse of authorities. The bribery offence closely resembles the bribery provisions under the Dutch Criminal Code. The Codes also stipulate regulations on criminal acts committed by judges, ministers, members of Parliament and civil servants. Amendments were introduced to the Criminal Code specifically to implement the Anti-Bribery Convention. The bribery offences in the Criminal Codes mirror very closely those in the Dutch Criminal Code.
The relevant anti-bribery provisions are integrated in the Dutch Caribbean Criminal …
Read the rest »
CONSULTATIE CODE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE NEDERLAND
Commissie presenteert voorstel
De (Nederlandse) Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code heeft vandaag een zogeheten consultatiedocument gepresenteerd. Daarin staan voorstellen voor herziening van de Nederlandse corporate governance code.
Alle belanghebbenden en geïnteresseerden worden uitgenodigd om een reactie uit te brengen op dit consultatiedocument en deel te nemen aan het publieke debat omtrent de herziening van de Code. Het doel is om met de verkregen input en bevindingen uit de consultatiefase te komen tot een herziening van de Code.
Kennisneming van de voorstellen (dat kan door hier te klikken) kan ook voor de discussies in Aruba, Curaçao en St. …
Read the rest »