SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN (I)
Attempting to obtain temporary instructions from the court
The procedure for provisional measures in summary proceedings (in Dutch: kort geding), a.k.a. interlocutory proceedings, is an interim injunction procedure before the court. Such proceedings, under Netherlands Antilles law, are aimed at obtaining temporary instructions from the court, not at receiving a final decision in the case.
These proceedings are characterized by their more or less summary character and their relatively quick nature. There is a clear relationship to a procedure on the merits, which always may be instituted and sometimes even must be followed. Provisional measures that are prescribed in summary …
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FILE SHARING IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Internet service providers should act prudently regarding claimed copyright infringement
File sharing, as is commonly understood, involves distributing or providing access to electronically stored data. One, if not the most, popular way to do this is through the use of so-called (distributed) peer-to-peer (P2P) networking programs. The rising popularity of music formats such as mp3 (a format for the compression of audio data) has led to the release and growth of software designed to make the sharing of electronic data relatively easy.
One of the legal issues involved with file sharing is that the shared data may (wholly or partially) …
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AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS IN THE NETHERLANDS CARIBBEAN (II)
Distribution agreement
So-called agency agreements frequently bear resemblance in actual practice, to (certain aspects of) distribution agreements. Hence, so-called ‘agency agreements’ are in actual fact not infrequently mixed type agreements, consisting of an agent and a distribution element.
In general, a distributor buys goods from a principal in his own name and for his own account and resells these goods to third parties in his own name and for his own account.
Distribution agreements are not defined in any Netherlands Antilles statute and are not subject to any specific Netherlands Antilles legislation. The distribution agreement is an agreement sui generis, …
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BES LAW DEVELOPMENTS
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba (BES)
Within a couple of years, the BES Islands, as public entities, will be part of the country of the Netherlands in the framework of the political restructuring in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The US dollar will be introduced as the new currency in the BES Islands. Curacao and St. Maarten will each become a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands and have their own legislation and regulations.
The starting point of the political restructuring is that Dutch legislation will be introduced only gradually into the BES Islands. It has been established that …
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AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS IN THE NETHERLANDS CARIBBEAN (I)
Commercial Agency Agreement
According to Section 7:428, Paragraph 1, of the Netherlands Antilles Civil Code, a commercial agency contract (agentuurovereenkomst) is a contract for services whereby one party, the principal, instructs the other party, the commercial agent, and whereby the latter binds himself, for a fixed or indeterminate term and for remuneration, to act as an intermediary in the conclusion of contracts, and, as the case may be, to enter into such contracts in the name and for the account of the principal, without being his subordinate.
No procedural requirements apply for entering into an agency agreement, and it may …
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THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTS OF LARGE DUTCH CARIBBEAN COMPANIES
Stricter rules for large companies
Under Netherlands Antilles law the annual accounts of limited liability companies which do not qualify as so called large companies, need to be prepared in accordance with generally accepted standards and shall provide sufficient insight as to enable a sound judgment to be formed regarding the assets and the results and, to the extent the nature of the annual accounts so permit, regarding the solvency and liquidity of the company (article 2:116 (4) Netherlands Antilles Civil Code). This is comparable to the principles of good business practice (goed koopmansgebruik).
For large companies the legislator chose …
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CONVERSION OF A DUTCH CARIBBEAN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
An NV may be converted into a BV and vice versa
The Netherlands Antilles Civil Code provides for an NV to be converted into a BV and vice versa. Conversion does not terminate the existence of the legal entity.
Conversion requires a resolution. A resolution to convert and to amend the articles has to be adopted, if only to satisfy similar requirements as for a resolution to amend the articles. The conversion shall become effective by execution of a notarial deed of conversion, and said deed must contain the new articles of association.
A conversion balance sheet must be attached to …
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TRANSACTIONAL POWER OF THE MANAGING BOARD OF A DUTCH CARIBBEAN CORPORATION (I)
Limitations must be disclosed to have effect
Netherlands Antilles law provides that, subject to restrictions laid down by the Netherlands Antilles Corporate Code or a corporation’s articles of association, the board of directors of a corporation shall be competent to represent the corporation, e.g. a limited liability company (‘naamloze of besloten vennootschap’; NV or BV). In the event of several managing directors, any managing director shall be competent, insofar as not otherwise provided for by the articles of association.
Under Netherlands Antilles law, information required to be disclosed pursuant to the Civil Code, for instance (i) the identities of the …
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THE CREDIT CRUNCH, THE ECONOMIC RECESSION AND MAJOR FRAUDS SCHEMES
Lawyers are having a heyday
Many countries, companies and private individuals are suffering severely from the credit crunch, the economic recession and the various fraud schemes (Madoff, Stanford, Enron, etc.). However, what causes misery to some represents opportunity to others, in this case, the lawyers.
The financial meltdown, for instance, has resulted in governments interfering in financial institutions, people being sacked, and litigation. Securities fraud results in litigation. It seems like a lawyers’ paradise, however let’s not forget that many lawyers are feeling the impact of the crisis as severely as everyone else.
It is however fair to say that …
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PLC CROSS BORDER LAW FIRM RECOMMENDATIONS
Netherlands Antilles
According to PLC Cross Border (Which lawyer?), Spigthoff Attorneys & Tax Advisers is one of two firms dominating the Netherlands Antilles market for international work, both on- and offshore.
Spigthoff ranks high in corporate / M&A and dispute resolution.
Martijn Welten, who specialises in corporate law, mergers & aquisitions and corporate litigation, is (highly) recommended in the areas of dispute resolution and corporate/M&A.
Karel Frielink comes recommended in the area of high net-worth private clients. Karel is highly recommended in the areas of …
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RIGHT OF SET-OFF UNDER DUTCH CARIBBEAN LAW
One of the most modern regimes in the world
The legal concept of set-off may be defined as setting cross-claims off against each other to produce a single balance. For instance, if A were to have a claim against B for a sum of money, and B would have a cross-claim against A for a sum of money, then B is entitled to be absolved from payment of A’s claim to the extent of his cross-claim and is also entitled to use his cross-claim in pleadings as a defense in an action by A to enforce his claim.
Set-off functions …
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BANKRUPTCY AND INTEREST CLAIMS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Bankruptcy vs non-bankruptcy claims
There are special statutory provisions regarding agreed interest rates, for instance, in a contract between the creditor and a party who subsequently goes bankrupt, during a bankruptcy (faillissement) and moratorium on payements (surseance van betaling). It is explicitly stated in the Netherlands Antilles Bankruptcy Decree (Faillissementsbesluit 1931) that only the interest accumulated prior to a pronunciation of bankruptcy may be paid from the bankruptcy assets (faillissementsboedel). In the event of a moratorium on payments a similar provision exists.
Bankruptcy does not mean that the bankrupt party ceases to be a debtor of non-verifiable claims. If at …
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