Within the Kingdom Under the Transfer of Seat Ordinance it is for instance impossible to transfer to Aruba or St. Maarten. Article 38 paragraph 4 of the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands provides that the subject of transfer of seat of legal entities must be regulated in a Kingdom Act. Agreement between the… Continue reading CROSS BORDER CONVERSION AND MERGER (part 3)
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CROSS BORDER CONVERSION AND MERGER (part 2)
Transfer of the seat The cross-border conversion was already known in the past as the doctrine of the transfer of the seat. Just a few words about this. The transfer of seat had been regulated in the Transfer of Seat to Third Countries Ordinance (Landsverordening zetelverplaatsing derde landen). This Ordinance was repealed as from 1… Continue reading CROSS BORDER CONVERSION AND MERGER (part 2)
CROSS BORDER CONVERSION AND MERGER (part 1)
Recent developments The Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist as a country on 10 October 2010. Curacao and Sint Maarten have become independent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, just as Aruba had already been for quite some time. Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba have become extraordinary municipalities of the Netherlands. These constitutional changes have… Continue reading CROSS BORDER CONVERSION AND MERGER (part 1)
TAKING OVER CONTROL OF A CURACAO COMPANY THROUGH A FOREIGN COURT DECISION
The powers of a foreign appointee will not be recognized According to Curacao private international law, the appointment and dismissal of board members of a company as well as decisions limiting their powers is governed by the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated. Accordingly, the appointment and dismissal of a board… Continue reading TAKING OVER CONTROL OF A CURACAO COMPANY THROUGH A FOREIGN COURT DECISION
CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 8)
Final remarks The receiver can be faced with a multitude of conflicting interests. Often he will be able to reach a weighing of interests relatively quickly and without many problems, but sometimes he has to balance on a thin bankruptcy tightrope. In doing so the law offers him hardly any support and neither does case… Continue reading CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 8)
CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 7)
Conflicting interests in connection with consolidated business operations When multiple companies of the same group go bankrupt, it can be of major importance for a creditor of one of these companies to know how the winding up is developing of one or more of the other companies. Particularly when a consolidated bankruptcy is involved, the… Continue reading CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 7)
CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 6)
Conflicting interests of different bankruptcy estates The management of different but associated bankruptcy estates can be entrusted to one and the same person who therefore is appointed several times as receiver. In this connection group relationships come to mind. It is true that in connection with different estates with one and the same person as… Continue reading CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 6)
CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 5)
Different types of interests A receiver cannot escape the weighing of interests. Such a weighing should be verifiable. The line of thought followed by the receiver should be clear. Particularly because, apart from his liability and remuneration, these being of a different order, he has no self-interest in the winding-up of the bankrupt estate, the… Continue reading CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 5)
CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 4)
The receiver and personal interests The duties of the receiver are to represent the interests of others. When his personal interests are affected he must observe extreme restraint and openness. If there is a conflict of interest or if a semblance of it has been created, he ought to withdraw as the receiver. The receiver… Continue reading CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN CURACAO INSOLVENCY LAW (part 4)
TYPES OF LIABILITY IN CURACAO
A three-part distinction With regard to liability a three-part distinction can be made. The first distinction relates to the basis of the liability: liability pursuant to a contractual relationship (the attributable failure in this respect) and liability pursuant to a wrongful act. Another distinction relates to the personal liability (thus for the party’s own actions… Continue reading TYPES OF LIABILITY IN CURACAO
GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (V)
Government drafted model articles of association The first model articles of association date from March 15, 2011. For criticism see: K. Frielink, Visie Land op overheids-NV’s verkeerd [Vision Country on government-owned NVs incorrect], Antilliaans Dagblad 15 April 2011, p. 16 and M.L. Alexander, F.B.M. Kunneman, L.G. Santine and R.J. in ’t Veld, Modelstatuten ten sterkste… Continue reading GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (V)
GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (IV)
Code Corporate Governance Curacao On January 1, 2010, the National Ordinance regarding corporate governance came into effect. Based on this the Code Corporate Governance Curacao came into being, that also came into effect on January 1, 2010. In it, reference is still made to the Executive Council and the island territory of Curacao, but as… Continue reading GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (IV)